What Substances Can Burn Without Oxygen

Combustion, characterized by intense chemical reactions generating light and heat, does not always depend on the presence of oxygen.

Magnesium is capable of burning even in carbon dioxide gas;

Metals such as aluminum and copper can combust in sulfur gas, with heated copper wire yielding a black substance;

In a chlorine atmosphere, elements like hydrogen, copper wire, iron wire, and phosphorus are combustible, with hydrogen emitting a pale flame when it burns in chlorine.