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Ethylene oxide is recognized as a broad-spectrum and highly effective gaseous disinfectant, yet it poses significant harm to human health, exhibiting toxicity levels exceeding those of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.

Initially, it targets the respiratory tract, inducing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and pain, along with central nervous system suppression. In severe instances, it may escalate to respiratory distress and pulmonary edema.